Rationale: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been reported to play a protective role
in atherosclerosis. However, whether AMPKα2 controls atherosclerotic plaque stability …

Endothelial dysfunction is caused by many factors, such as dyslipidemia, endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) stress, and inflammation. It has been demonstrated that endothelial …

Objective—Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)
are critical events in the progression of several vasculopathologies. Adenosine …

Rationale: Atherosclerotic calcification is highly linked with plaque rapture. How calcification
is regulated is poorly characterized. Objective: We sought to determine the contributions of …

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the roles of AMPKα in the development of
vascular neointima hyperplasia and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods and …

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is proposed to be a key regulator of cellular and
organismal metabolism and has reported vasculoprotective effects. In addition, many …

Objective—AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy and redox sensor, is activated
in response to various cellular stresses, including hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, oxidative …

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is present in the arterial wall and is activated in
response to cellular stressors that raise AMP relative to ADP/ATP. Activation of AMPK in vivo …

Monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, which can be initiated by physiological or
atherogenic factors, is a pivotal process in atherogenesis, a disorder in which monocytes …

Objective—Several studies have shown through chemical inhibitors that p38 mitogen-
activated protein kinase (MAPK) promotes vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) …