Objective Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been proposed as a
major risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to assess inter …

Objectives To investigate the differences between multiple sclerosis (MS) and control
subjects by using extracranial venous grey-scale, colour and spectral Doppler ultrasound …

Objectives: We designed a prospective case-control study of patients with clinically isolated
syndrome (CIS) and Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) with an Expanded …

Background: An impaired cerebrospinal venous drainage was postulated to be a cofactor in
the multifactorial pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Chronic cerebrospinal venous …

Objective Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the CNS.
Recently a controversial vascular hypothesis for MS, termed chronic cerebrospinal venous …

Introduction: Recent clinical studies have suggested a relationship between multiple
sclerosis (MS) and the occurrence of pathological changes in the jugular, vertebral and …

Objectives: A chronic state of impaired cerebral and cervical venous drainage, termed
chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), has recently been implicated in the …

Purpose: To determine whether a correlation exists between chronic cerebrospinal venous
insufficiency (CCSVI) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Materials and Methods: A meta-analysis …

Objectives: To verify the prevalence of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in patients
affected by different clinical forms of multiple sclerosis and in healthy subjects using the …

Objective The sonographic findings of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI)
are used by some as selection criteria for venography. We performed a systematic review to …