Females of the calyptraeid gastropod Crepipatella fecunda enclose their fertilized eggs in
thin-walled egg capsules. They then brood these capsules for at least several weeks in the …

Females of the gastropod Crepipatella dilatata brood their egg capsules in the pallial cavity
under the shell for several weeks until the offspring hatch as juveniles—but at what cost? In …

The sedentary gastropod Crepipatella dilatata encapsulates its embryos and incubates them
in the pallial cavity. Females can deliberately isolate their embryos from the external …

Crepipatella dilatata is an estuarine gastropod that broods its encapsulated embryos in the
pallial cavity for several weeks before releasing juveniles. When environmental quality …

Among calyptraeid gastropods, males become females as they get older, and egg capsules
containing developing embryos are maintained beneath the mother's shell until the …

Encapsulated embryos are generally thought to play an active role in escaping from egg
capsules or egg masses. However, for species that brood their egg capsules, the factors …

Early life history stages of marine organisms are generally thought to be more sensitive to
environmental stress than adults. Although most marine invertebrates are broadcast …

Encapsulation of developing embryos imposes potential restrictions, because the capsule
wall must allow for adequate inward diffusion of oxygen and for increased diffusion of …

Although periods of severely reduced oxygen concentration are occurring with increasing
frequency in coastal marine ecosystems, the effects of such exposures on early …

During their reproductive period, females of Crepipatella dilatata deposit their embryos in
capsules that they then brood in the pallial cavity until juveniles emerge several weeks later …