Cytokine‐driven inflammation and tissue destruction is a common theme of chronic
inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis …

The health of living organisms is constantly challenged by bacterial and viral threats. The
recognition of pathogenic microorganisms by diverse receptors triggers a variety of host …

Inflammation is an essential process in response to injury and infection. However, under
certain circumstances dis‐regulation of this process can lead to pathologies such as …

The innate immune system is essential for host defense and is responsible for early
detection of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Upon recognition of microbes by innate …

Toll-like receptors play a vital role in cell-mediated immunity, which is crucial for the immune
system's defense against pathogens and maintenance of homeostasis. The interaction …

Roles for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are emerging in conditions such as sepsis syndrome,
systemic lupus erythromatosis, rheumatoid arthritis and asthma, suggesting that the …

Abstract Human Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of transmembrane receptors, which
play a key role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Beside of recognizing …

Abstract Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an important family of receptors that
constitute the first line of defense system against microbes. They can recognize both …

Membrane-bound Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are frontline guardians in the mammalian
innate immune system. They primarily function to recognize pathogen-associated molecular …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the archetypal pattern recognition receptors in sensing
exogenous pathogens. Activation of TLRs is a first line of defense of the immune system …