Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an increasing cause of morbidity and
mortality worldwide, and it has been strongly correlated to tobacco smoking. While a number …

Little is known about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Chinese
nonsmokers. The present study aimed to investigate the profiles of COPD among …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to cause a heavy health and
economic burden around the world. Recent studies have added evidence to the etiologic …

Background: Tobacco smoking has been recognized as the most important risk factor for
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for a long time, but recent studies have …

Introduction Relatively little is known about the risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) in never‐smokers, and these factors have not yet been fully characterised …

Abstract Background and Aims In recent years, some epidemiological surveys of risk factors
for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been done in some regions of C …

Background It's currently well known that smoking and increasing age constitute the most
important risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, little is …

Comparative risk assessment for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) among
current, former and non-smokers categories remains controversial and not studied in detail …

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is rising
in many parts of the world. This is a study of risk factors for COPD in Chinese patients in …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was traditionally thought to be caused by
tobacco smoking. However, recognition of the importance of non-smoking-related risk …