Preclinical evidence has firmly established bidirectional interactions among the brain, the
gut, and the gut microbiome. Candidate signaling molecules and at least three …

Preclinical and clinical studies have shown bidirectional interactions within the brain-gut-
microbiome axis. Gut microbes communicate to the central nervous system through at least …

Background & Aims Based largely on results from preclinical studies, the concept of a brain
gut microbiome axis has been established, mediating bidirectional communication between …

The gut-brain axis plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis. Many intrinsic and
extrinsic factors influence signaling along this axis, modulating the function of both the …

Bidirectional signalling between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain is regulated at
neural, hormonal, and immunological levels. This construct is known as the brain–gut axis …

Alterations in the bidirectional interactions between the intestine and the nervous system
have important roles in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A body of largely …

In the last 5 years, interest in the interactions among the gut microbiome, brain, and behavior
has exploded. Preclinical evidence supports a role of the gut microbiome in behavioral …

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common of all medical disorders worldwide
and, while for some it represents no more than a nuisance, for others it imposes significant …

Background The 'gut‐brain'or 'brain‐gut axis', depending on whether we emphasize bottom‐
up or top‐bottom pathways, is a bi‐directional communication system, comprised of neural …

Tremendous progress has been made in characterizing the bidirectional interactions
between the central nervous system, the enteric nervous system, and the gastrointestinal …