COPD is complex and heterogeneous with respect to its aetiology, clinical presentation,
phenotypes and biological mechanisms. Despite this, COPD is still diagnosed and treated …

Background Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and no
exacerbations may need less maintenance treatment and follow-up. The aim was to identify …

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) usually occurs alongside other
conditions. Few studies on comorbidities have taken into account the phenotypes of COPD …

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a major global
health problem; however, there are no data regarding clinical phenotypes of these patients …

Despite significant decreases in morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVD)
and cancers, morbidity and cost associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease, and not all
patients respond to all currently available drugs. The importance of personalized treatment …

Background: A limited or absent bronchodilator response is used to classify chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and can determine the treatment offered. The …

[BACKGROUND] High Resolution Computed Tomography Scan (HRCT) is now being used
as an important diagnostic test in COPD patients. In present study, we have evaluated …

Although there has been tremendous growth in our understanding of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) and its pathophysiology over the past few decades, the pace of …

Background Assessing risk of future exacerbations is an important component in COPD
management. History of exacerbation is a strong and independent predictor of future …