The movers and shapers in immune privilege of the CNS

B Engelhardt, P Vajkoczy, RO Weller - Nature immunology, 2017 - nature.com
Discoveries leading to an improved understanding of immune surveillance of the central
nervous system (CNS) have repeatedly provoked dismissal of the existence of immune …

Vascular, glial, and lymphatic immune gateways of the central nervous system

B Engelhardt, RO Carare, I Bechmann, A Flügel… - Acta …, 2016 - Springer
Immune privilege of the central nervous system (CNS) has been ascribed to the presence of
a blood–brain barrier and the lack of lymphatic vessels within the CNS parenchyma …

Lymphocyte targeting of the central nervous system: a review of afferent and efferent CNS‐immune pathways

RO Weller, B Engelhardt, MJ Phillips - Brain pathology, 1996 - Wiley Online Library
The central nervous system (CNS) is considered to be an immunological privileged site.
However, inflammatory reactions in response to virus infections, in multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Meningeal lymphatics: from anatomy to central nervous system immune surveillance

Z Papadopoulos, J Herz, J Kipnis - The Journal of Immunology, 2020 - journals.aai.org
At steady state, the CNS parenchyma has few to no lymphocytes and less potent Ag-
presentation capability compared with other organs. However, the meninges surrounding …

Meningeal lymphatics: an immune gateway for the central nervous system

GA Tavares, A Louveau - Cells, 2021 - mdpi.com
The recent (re) discovery of the meningeal lymphatic system has opened new theories as to
how immune cells traffic and interact with the central nervous system (CNS). While evidence …

CNS lymphatic drainage and neuroinflammation are regulated by meningeal lymphatic vasculature

A Louveau, J Herz, MN Alme, AF Salvador… - Nature …, 2018 - nature.com
Neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, are characterized by invasion of the
brain by autoreactive T cells. The mechanism for how T cells acquire their encephalitogenic …

Neuroinflammation creates an immune regulatory niche at the meningeal lymphatic vasculature near the cribriform plate

M Hsu, C Laaker, A Madrid, M Herbath, YH Choi… - Nature …, 2022 - nature.com
Meningeal lymphatics near the cribriform plate undergo lymphangiogenesis during
neuroinflammation to drain excess fluid. Here, we hypothesized that lymphangiogenic …

CNS: Not an immunoprivilaged site anymore but a virtual secondary lymphoid organ

N Negi, BK Das - International reviews of immunology, 2018 - Taylor & Francis
The cardinal dogma of central nervous system (CNS) immunology believed brain is an
immune privileged site, but scientific evidences gathered so far have overturned this notion …

Revisiting the mechanisms of CNS immune privilege

A Louveau, TH Harris, J Kipnis - Trends in immunology, 2015 - cell.com
Whereas the study of the interactions between the immune system and the central nervous
system (CNS) has often focused on pathological conditions, the importance of neuroimmune …

Neuroinflammation-induced lymphangiogenesis near the cribriform plate contributes to drainage of CNS-derived antigens and immune cells

M Hsu, A Rayasam, JA Kijak, YH Choi… - Nature …, 2019 - nature.com
There are no conventional lymphatic vessels within the CNS parenchyma, although it has
been hypothesized that lymphatics near the cribriform plate or dura maintain fluid …