For the last three decades, the guidelines for asthma management have supported a
stepwise therapeutic approach, based on the administration of controller medications …

Rational choice among β 2-AR agonists in acute and chronic asthma should be influenced
by differences in intrinsic efficacy among these agents. In acute severe asthma, a full agonist …

Background β 2-Adrenoceptor agonists have been used as bronchodilators in the
management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, there …

The safety of long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) treatment in asthma has been questioned
following reported increased respiratory deaths when salmeterol was added to usual …

Conclusion The introduction of long-acting inhaled β 2-agonists has been a major
therapeutic development, and has led to a fundamental reappraisal of β 2-agonist use in …

Asthma treatment guidelines advocate the use of long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) in addition
to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in patients whose asthma is uncontrolled by ICS alone …

International guidelines recommend that long-acting β-agonists should be considered in
patients who are symptomatic despite moderate doses of inhaled corticosteroids. When …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow
limitation and debilitating symptoms. For patients with moderate-to-severe COPD, long …

Inhaled bronchodilators, including beta2-agonists and antimuscaric receptor antagonists,
are the mainstay of pharmacotherapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The …

Abstract Introduction Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) recommends medium-or high-dose
inhaled corticosteroid-long-acting β 2-agonist (ICS-LABA) as preferred treatments for …