Aberrant activation of the RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK1/2 pathway occurs in more than 30% of
human cancers. As part of this pathway, MEK1 and MEK2 have crucial roles in …

The protein kinases regulate cellular functions such as transcription, translation,
proliferation, growth and survival by the process of phosphorylation. Over activation of …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways represent ubiquitous signal transduction
pathways that regulate all aspects of life and are frequently altered in disease. Here, we …

Deregulation of the Ras–mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an early event
in many different cancers and a key driver of resistance to targeted therapies. Sustained …

Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), the only known substrate of
MEK1/2, is located downstream of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK (MAPK) pathway and is …

The Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway regulates diverse physiological processes by transmitting
signals from membrane based receptors to various nuclear, cytoplasmic and membrane …

Successful targeting of specific oncogenic “driver” mutations with small-molecule inhibitors
has represented a major advance in cancer therapeutics over the past 10 to 15 years. The …

Abnormally activated RAS proteins are the main oncogenic driver that governs the
functioning of major signaling pathways involved in the initiation and development of human …

The extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway is a major determinant in
the control of diverse cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, differentiation and …

Abstract The Raf/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signal transduction cascade is a vital mediator of a
number of cellular fates including growth, proliferation and survival, among others. The focus …