Injections of neuronal tracers were made into the dorsomedial nucleus of the intercollicular
complex (DM) of pigeons and zebra finches in order to investigate the projections of this …

We have recorded extracellular, inspiratory‐related (IR) unit activity in the medulla at
locations corresponding to those of neurons retrogradely labeled by injections of retrograde …

A series of studies is described which in general aim to identify two sets of neural linkages in
the brain and spinal cord of songbirds and non-songbirds, these avian types differing along …

To provide an anatomical basis for the interaction of respiration and vocalization,
neuroanatomical tracing experiments were undertaken to define the link between the …

Nucleus retroambigualis in songbirds and pigeon was found to contain expiratory-related
neurons having spinal projections with terminations in close proximity to abdominal …

Recordings of extracellular unit activity in the ventrolateral medulla and of
electyromyographic activity in either the M. scalenus, a principal inspiratory muscle, or the …

Ascending auditory efferents in birds terminate mainly within Field L2, a cytoarchitectonically
distinct region of the caudomedial telencephalon. The organization of Field L2, and that of its …

The descending, efferent projections of nucleus robustus archistriatalis were investigated in
male zebra finches and greenfinches with injections of either biotinylated dextran amine or …

An experimental-anatomical study of the projection from the inferior colliculus (MLD) in the
pigeon was performed by the aid of the Nauta-Gygax method. The resulting observations …

In songbirds song production requires the intricate coordination of vocal and respiratory
muscles under the executive influence of the telencephalon, as for speech in humans. In …