The origin and developmental pathway of intestinal T cell receptor αβ+ CD4− CD8β−
intraepithelial lymphocytes (unconventional iIELs), a major population of innate-like resident …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) participate in tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and early
immunity against infection. It is unclear how ILCs acquire effector function and whether these …

The intestinal immune system must elicit robust immunity against harmful pathogens but
must also restrain immune responses directed against commensal microbes and dietary …

The fetus is thought to be protected from exposure to foreign antigens, yet CD45RO+ T cells
reside in the fetal intestine. Here we combined functional assays with mass cytometry, single …

Intestinal immune homeostasis is dependent upon tightly regulated and dynamic host
interactions with the commensal microbiota. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) produced by mucosal B …

CD4 T helper (Th) cell differentiation into distinct T cell subsets is critical to the normal
function of the immune system. Until recently, the paradigm held that naïve T cells …

Abstract CD4+ type 1 T regulatory (Tr1) cells are induced in the periphery and have a pivotal
role in promoting and maintaining tolerance. The absence of surface markers that uniquely …

Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) have a central role in the maintenance of intestinal
homeostasis by restraining inappropriate immune responses in the healthy gut. Although …

Gut commensal microbes shape the mucosal immune system by regulating the
differentiation and expansion of several types of T cell,,,,. Clostridia, a dominant class of …

Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are key players in ensuring a peaceful coexistence with
microorganisms and food antigens at intestinal borders. Startling new information has …