Substitutions that fix between SARS-CoV-2 variants can transform the mutational landscape
of future evolution via epistasis. For example, large epistatic shifts in mutational effects …

SARS-CoV-2 variants acquire mutations in spike that promote immune evasion and impact
other properties that contribute to viral fitness such as ACE2 receptor binding and cell entry …

The continual evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of variants that show resistance
to vaccines and neutralizing antibodies threaten to prolong the COVID-19 pandemic …

New variants of SARS-CoV-2 are continually emerging with mutations in spike associated
with increased transmissibility and immune escape. Phenotypic maps can inform the …

SARS-CoV-2 continues to acquire mutations in the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD)
that impact ACE2 receptor binding, folding stability, and antibody recognition. Deep …

SARS-CoV-2 is continually evolving, with more contagious mutations spreading rapidly.
Using in vitro evolution to affinity maturate the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike …

The mechanism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
evolution and transmission is elusive and its understanding, a prerequisite to forecast …

Since the first case of COVID-19 in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, SARS-CoV-2 has
spread worldwide and within a year and a half has caused 3.56 million deaths globally. With …

Summary The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic underscores the need to
better understand animal-to-human transmission of coronaviruses and adaptive evolution …

In early February 2023, the Omicron subvariant XBB. 1.5, also known as “Kraken”,
accounted for more than 44% of new COVID-19 cases worldwide, whereas a relatively new …