The autoimmune diseases result from inappropriate responses of the immune system to self
antigens. The etiology of autoimmune diseases remains largely unknown but candidate …

Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system recognizes and attacks host tissue. In
addition to genetic factors, environmental triggers (in particular viruses, bacteria and other …

The incidence of some autoimmune diseases has increased dramatically in recent years in
the developed world. Many autoimmune diseases are governed by both genetic and …

Most infectious agents, such as viruses, bacteria and parasites, can trigger autoimmunity via
different mechanisms. The development of an autoimmune disorder after infection tends to …

The studies summarized in this chapter indicate that chronic bacterial, viral, and parasitic
infections can serve as a trigger factor of autoimmune reactivity according to various …

The relationship between infections and autoimmunity as well as the risk of infections due to
antirheumatic agents, including corticosteroids, immunosuppressants and biologics, are …

Autoimmune disease has long been considered a shadow following infectious diseases.
Epidemiological evidence shows that rheumatic fever follows streptococcal infection …

Autoimmune diseases are clinical syndromes in which tissue damage appears to result from
aberrant responses of the immune system to normal self antigens. Many well-recognized …

The exact aetiology of most autoimmune diseases remains unknown, nonetheless, several
factors contributing to the induction or exacerbation of autoimmune reactions have been …

The immune system specifically recognizes and eliminates foreign agents thereby protecting
the host against infection. During maturation of the immune system, immune cells that react …