The reduced efficiency of the mammalian immune system with aging increases host
susceptibility to infectious and autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms …

Aging is one of the principal unsolved enigmas remaining in cellular and molecular biology.
This challenge, and the potential for discoveries that may delay the onset or lessen the …

Beginning with the sixth decade of life, the human immune system undergoes dramatic
aging-related changes, which continuously progress to a state of immunosenescence. The …

Acute inflammation is a physiological response to injury or infection, with a cascade of steps
that ultimately lead to the recruitment of immune cells to clear invading pathogens and heal …

Advanced age is associated with defects in all of the cells of the innate immune system,
including numbers, function, and early stages of activation. This review, presents the current …

Ageing is characterized by immunosenescence and the progressive decline in immunity in
association with an increased frequency of infections and chronic disease. This complex …

The human interleukin IL-6 was originally cloned in 1986. In 1993, William Ershler, in his
article “IL-6: A Cytokine for Gerontologists,” indicated IL-6 as one of the main signaling …

During aging the immune system (IS) undergoes remarkable changes that collectively are
known as immunosenescence. It is a multifactorial and dynamic phenomenon that affects …

Longevity and aging are two sides of the same coin, as they both derive from the interaction
between genetic and environmental factors. Aging is a complex, dynamic biological process …

The decline in immunity in the elderly has largely been attributed to impairment of T cell
mechanisms. This seems reasonable since the thymus involutes with age, so that the …