Background The new modalities for treating patients with non-muscle invasive bladder
cancer (NMIBC) for whom BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) has failed or is contraindicated …

The new modalities for treating patients with high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder
cancer (HGNMIBC) for whom Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has failed or is …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important components of the tumor
microenvironment (TME) and strongly associated with poor prognosis and drug resistance …

Background Chronic inflammatory microenvironment has been shown to play a key role in
initiating tumorigenesis and facilitating malignant progression. Primary tumors surrounded …

e16004 Background: The new modalities for treating patients with non-muscle invasive
bladder cancer (NMIBC) for whom Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has failed or is …

Patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) that are unresponsive to Bacillus
Calmette-Guérin (BCG) have historically had limited treatment options. A new perspective is …

Purpose Immunotherapy with programmed cell death 1/ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) checkpoint
inhibitors has revolutionized the systemic treatment of solid tumors, including bladder …

Doxorubicin (DOX), the first-line chemotherapy for bladder cancer, usually induces side
effects. We previously demonstrated that green tea polyphenol EGCG had potent anti-tumor …

Simple Summary Over time, capsaicin (CPS) has been considered both a potential anti-
cancer and pro-cancer molecule. Hence, the diversity of CPS functioning has already been …

Intoduction Bladder cancer is the second most common urinary tract cancer. Above 70% of
the occurrence of bladder cancer is superficial (pTis, pTa, and pT1), non-muscle invasive …