Achieving temporally precise, noninvasive control over specific neural cell types in the deep
brain would advance the study of nervous system function. Here we use the potent …

A major long-term goal of systems neuroscience is to identify the different roles of neural
subtypes in brain circuit function. The ability to causally manipulate selective cell types is …

Understanding how different kinds of neuron in the brain work together to implement
sensations, feelings, thoughts, and movements, and how deficits in specific kinds of neuron …

A key assumption of optogenetics is that light only affects opsin-expressing neurons.
However, illumination invariably heats tissue, and many physiological processes are …

Neural interface technology has made enormous strides in recent years but stimulating
electrodes remain incapable of reliably targeting specific cell types (eg excitatory or …

Advanced technologies for controlled delivery of light to targeted locations in biological
tissues are essential to neuroscience research that applies optogenetics in animal models …

This mini-symposium aims to provide an integrated perspective on recent developments in
optogenetics. Research in this emerging field combines optical methods with targeted …

Both observational and perturbational technologies are essential for advancing the
understanding of brain function and dysfunction. But while observational techniques have …

Optogenetic tools can be used to manipulate neuronal activity in a reversible and specific
manner. In recent years, such methods have been applied to uncover causal relationships …

Genetically encoded, single-component optogenetic tools have made a significant impact on
neuroscience, enabling specific modulation of selected cells within complex neural tissues …