Toxicokinetics provides a powerful tool, which is not used sufficiently in the conduct and
interpretation of animal toxicity studies. In selecting doses for toxicity studies toxicokinetic …

Pathologists can play a critical role in determining toxic mechanisms because the gross and
microscopic presentation of lesions provides early clues to toxicity. Additionally, the dose …

Computer simulation can be used to integrate existing toxicity information within a
biologically realistic framework. Simulation models calculate relevant measures of target …

Revolutions in thinking and practice are essential in regulatory toxicology if genuine
protection of human beings and the environment is truly to be improved. New test …

For a long time, animal toxicology has been the major source of information on chemical risk
assessment. The study of the effects of chemicals on apical toxicity end points has provided …

Each year thousands of chemi cals undergo rigorous testing designed to evaluate their
poten tial toxicity. Almost all of the tests take place in animals: the reactions of rats, rabbits …

This report will give a general overview of some of the in vitro methodologies used in toxicity
testing. The use of computer-based structure-activity relationships and cell culture testing …

Toxicological risk assessment for chemicals is still mainly based on highly standardised
protocols for animal experimentation and exposure assessment. However, developments in …

Advances in the technology of human cell and tissue culture and the increasing availability
of human tissue for laboratory studies have led to the increased use of in vitro human tissue …

Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment reviews advances
made during the last 10-15 years in fields such as developmental biology, molecular …