Many debilitating psychiatric conditions, including drug addiction, are characterized by poor
decision making and maladaptive risk-taking. Recent research has begun to probe this …

Psychiatric diseases characterized by dysregulated risky decision making are differentially
represented in males and females. The factors that govern such sex differences, however …

We developed a behavioral task in rats to assess the influence of risk of punishment on
decision making. Male Long–Evans rats were given choices between pressing a lever to …

The ability to make advantageous decisions under circumstances in which there is a risk of
adverse consequences is an important component of adaptive behavior; however, extremes …

Many psychiatric disorders are characterized by abnormal risky decision-making and
dysregulated dopamine receptor expression. The current study was designed to determine …

Differences in the prevalence and presentation of psychiatric illnesses in men and women
suggest that neurobiological sex differences confer vulnerability or resilience in these …

Highlights•Animal models of risky decision-making are important for probing
neurobiology.•Tasks have been developed to evaluate risky decision-making in rodents and …

Over the past 20 years there has been a growing interest in the neural underpinnings of
cost/benefit decision-making. Recent studies with animal models have made considerable …

Rationale Most individuals can accurately assess the risks and rewards associated with
choice alternatives and decide accordingly; however, drug users often display maladaptive …

Rationale Evaluation of risks and rewards associated with different options is facilitated by
components of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system. Augmenting or reducing DA …