Women show a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases than age‐matched men, but this
benefit disappears after menopause. Oestrogen‐mediated vascular actions are mainly …

Cardiovascular diseases remain an age-related pathology in both men and women. These
pathologies are 3-fold more frequent in men than in women before menopause, although …

In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the recent advances in understanding
estrogen effects on the vascular endothelium. Epidemiological studies suggest the female …

In addition to their role as sex hormones, it has been known for many years that oestrogens
have protective effects on the vasculature. These have been implicated in the reduced …

Although pre-menopausal women enjoy relative cardiovascular protection, hormone
(oestrogen±progestin)-replacement therapy has not shown cardiovascular benefits in post …

Cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women.
Epidemiological and experimental evidence indicates several atheroprotective effects of …

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in men
and women worldwide. Although rare in premenopausal women, its incidence rises sharply …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally for men and women.
Premenopausal women have a lower incidence of hypertension and other cardiovascular …

The effects of estrogen on the female reproductive system are well known. In contrast,
comparatively recent research has demonstrated that estrogen also exerts specific effects on …

Considerable evidence indicates that sex hormones have an important influence on
cardiovascular physiology and pathology. 1, 2 Recent work suggests that a mechanism …