The innate immune response is essential for combating infectious disease. Macrophages
and other cells respond to infection by releasing cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) …

Caspase-8 is a protease with both pro-death and pro-survival functions: it mediates
apoptosis induced by death receptors such as TNFR1, and suppresses necroptosis …

The aspartate-specific cysteine protease caspase-8 suppresses necroptotic cell death
mediated by RIPK3 and MLKL. Indeed, mice that lack caspase-8 die in a RIPK3-and MLKL …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) function as initiators of inflammation through their ability to sense
pathogen-associated molecular patterns and products of tissue damage,. Transcriptional …

The initiation of cell division integrates a large number of intra-and extracellular inputs. D-
type cyclins (hereafter, cyclin D) couple these inputs to the initiation of DNA replication …

Engulfment and subsequent degradation of apoptotic cells is an essential step that occurs
throughout life in all multicellular organisms,,. ELMO/Dock180/Rac proteins are a conserved …

The incidence of many cancer types is significantly reduced in individuals with Down's
syndrome,,,, and it is thought that this broad cancer protection is conferred by the increased …

Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins suppress apoptosis and inhibit caspases. Several IAPs
also function as ubiquitin-protein ligases. Regulators of IAP auto-ubiquitination, and thus IAP …

General transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) consists of nine subunits: cyclin-dependent kinase 7
(Cdk7), cyclin H and MAT1 (forming the Cdk-activating-kinase or CAK complex), the two …

Abstract Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) regulates one-carbon transfer
reactions that are essential for amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, and uses pyridoxal …