DNA vaccines can induce potent humoral and cellular immune responses without any
additional adjuvant. Recent studies indicate that unmethylated CpG dinucleotides within …

Bacterial DNA differs from vertebrate DNA in having a much higher content of unmethylated
CpG dinucleotides, in particular, base contexts that are termed 'CpG motifs'. The vertebrate …

Certain vertebrate immune cells have evolved receptors that detect the presence of
pathogen DNA based on its content of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in particular base …

We previously showed that bacterial DNA contains immunostimulatory motifs consisting of
unmethylated CpG dinucleotides flanked by two 5'purines and two 3'pyrimidines. These …

Bacterial DNA, in contrast to vertebrate DNA, has the capacity to act as a potent immune
stimulator (Tokunaga et al. 1984; Messina et al. 1991; Yamamoto et al. 1992b). This is now …

The vertebrate immune system recognizes bacterial DNA as foreign based on its content of
unmethylated CpG motifs. The detection of CpG motifs by the innate immune system induces …

Bacterial DNA contains immunostimulatory motifs that trigger an innate immune response
characterized by the production of predominantly Th1-type cytokines. These motifs consist of …

Bacterial DNA or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG
dinucleotides within the context of certain flanking bases (CpG motifs) have potent …

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs act as immune
adjuvants, accelerating and boosting antigen-specific antibody responses by up to 500-fold …

Pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system are able to distinguish certain
prokaryotic DNAs from vertebrate DNAs by detecting unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in …