The pH of the ocean is controlled by the chemistry of calcium carbonate. This system in turn
plays a large role in regulating the CO2 concentration of the atmosphere on timescales of …

Knowledge of past atmospheric pCO2 is important for evaluating the role of greenhouse
gases in climate forcing. Ice core records show the tight correlation between climate change …

Magnesium/calcium data from planktonic foraminifera in equatorial Pacific sediment cores
demonstrate that tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were 2.8°±0.7° C colder …

Carbon isotopic records from benthic foraminifera are used to map patterns of deep ocean
circulation between 3 and 2 million years ago, the interval when significant northern …

Benthic oxygen isotope records are commonly used as a proxy for global mean surface
temperatures during the late Cretaceous and Cenozoic, and the resulting estimates have …

Fixed nitrogen (N) is a limiting nutrient for algae in the low-latitude ocean, and its oceanic
inventory may have been higher during ice ages, thus helping to lower atmospheric CO2 …

We characterize the evolutionary radiation of planktic foraminifera by the test size
distributions of entire assemblages in more than 500 Cenozoic marine sediment samples …

Oxygen isotope analyses performed on planktonic and benthic foraminifera in four deep sea
cores show that during the last deglaciation, the meltwater isotopic signal propagated almost …