The growing demand for patient-compliance therapies in recent years has led to the
development of transdermal drug delivery, which possesses several advantages compared …

The intrinsic properties of therapeutic proteins generally present a major impediment for
transdermal delivery, including their relatively large molecule size and susceptibility to …

The success of protein, peptide and antibody based therapies is evident-the
biopharmaceuticals market is predicted to reach $388 billion by 2024 [1], and more than half …

Human skin is a multilayered physiochemical barrier protecting the human body. The
stratum corneum (SC) is the outermost keratinized layer of skin through which only …

Drug delivery is often limited by the need to cross a barrier to gain access to target tissues. In
the case of skin, the main barrier is the skinLs outer layer of stratum corneum, which …

Microneedle (MN) patches consisting of miniature needles have emerged as a promising
tool to perforate the stratum corneum and translocate biomolecules into the dermis in a …

The skin is recognized as a potential target for local and systemic drug delivery and
hormone. However, the transdermal route of drug administration seems to be limited by …

The highly effective barrier properties of the stratum corneum (SC) limit the application of
transdermal delivery to relatively small, lipophilic molecules. Microneedles (MNs) however …

Many promising therapeutic agents are limited by their inability to reach the systemic
circulation, due to the excellent barrier properties of biological membranes, such as the …

Proteins and peptides have become a significant therapeutic modality for various diseases
because of their high potency and specificity. However, the inherent properties of these …