Objectives: Health insurers, physicians, and patients worldwide need information on the
comparative effectiveness and safety of prescription drugs in routine care. Nonrandomized …

In the 1970s Archie Cochrane noted that many healthcare procedures and forms of
organisation lacked evidence of effectiveness and efficiency, and argued for improved …

Researchers measure the effectiveness of new interventions using randomized controlled
trials (RCTs). They are increasingly using qualitative research with these RCTs to explain …

Maximising the value of combining qualitative research and randomised controlled trials in
health research: the QUAlitative Rese Page 1 HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT …

Background There is an increasing number of meta-analyses including data from non-
randomized studies for therapeutic evaluation. We aimed to systematically assess the …

A key early step in analysing results of studies of effectiveness is identifying the data type for
the outcome measurements. This chapter considers outcome data of five common types …

Background Confounding caused by selection bias is often a key difference between non‐
randomized studies (NRS) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions. Key …

This chapter aims to support review authors who are considering including non‐randomized
studies of interventions (NRSI) in a Cochrane Review. NRSI are defined here as any …

Objective To examine whether the association of inadequate or unclear allocation
concealment and lack of blinding with biased estimates of intervention effects varies with the …

This document updates the existing Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) Methods Guide for Effectiveness and Comparative …