We study the maturation of the antibody population following primary antigen presentation
as a global optimization problem. Emphasis is placed on the trade-off between the safety of …

We present a model that considers the maturation of the antibody population following
primary antigen presentation as a global optimization problem. The trade-off that emerges …

The humoral immune response to antigenic challenge involves a Darwinian process of
somatic mutations and selection for B-cells carrying higher affinity antibodies. Insufficient …

We exploit a simple model to numerically and analytically investigate the effect of enforcing
a time constraint for achieving a system-wide goal during an evolutionary dynamics. This …

Adaptive evolution is, to a large extent, a complex combinatorial optimization process. Such
processes can be characterized as “uphill walks on rugged fitness landscapes”. Concrete …

Somatic mutation has been implicated as a significant and possibly primary factor in the
maturation of antibody affinity in the humoral immune response. B cells stimulated by …

Efficient immune response often depends on the production of high affinity antibodies. We
show analytically that the optimal strategy for a fast production of high affinity antibodies is to …

The immune system is a complex system that learns and retains a memory of previous
encounters with foreign cells and molecules. The mechanism of learning in the immune …

Problems involving multi-peaked fitness or energy landscapes have attractedattention in
evolutionary biology, structural biology (protein folding), condensed matter physics (glasses …

In the course of a humoral immune response, the average affinity of antibody for the
immunizing antigen can increase in time. This process of affinity maturation is due to antigen …