Introduction: There is solid evidence that in patients with poorly controlled severe asthma
despite the use of ICS and LABA, the addition of LAMAs, such as tiotropium, significantly …

Introduction The increased acetylcholine signaling in asthma pathophysiology offers the
rationale for the use of LAMAs in the treatment of asthmatic patients. Tiotropium is still the …

Introduction: Higher parasympathetic tone has been reported in asthmatics. In general,
cholinergic contractile tone is increased by airway inflammation associated with asthma …

Introduction: Parasympathetic neurons utilize the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to modulate
and constrict airway smooth muscles at the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Inhaled …

Objective Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) have been used in the treatment of
obstructive pulmonary diseases for years. Long-acting muscarinic antagonists were …

Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) have a recognised role in the management of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In asthma, muscarinic antagonists (both short-and …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow
limitation caused by persistent inflammatory processes in the airways. An increased …

In the lungs, parasympathetic nerves provide the dominant control of airway smooth muscle
with release of acetylcholine onto M3 muscarinic receptors. Treatment of airway disease …

Background and purpose Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) have been
recommended for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and (more …

Background Randomized controlled trials indicate that addition of a long-acting muscarinic
antagonist (LAMA) such as tiotropium may improve asthma control and reduce exacerbation …