Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive movement disorder caused by the
selective loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons of unknown etiology. Up to now, although …

Currently, therapies for ischemic stroke are limited. Ginkgolides, unique Folium Ginkgo
components, have potential benefits for ischemic stroke patients, but there is little evidence …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder in the central nervous
system (CNS), in which remyelination failure results in persistent neurologic impairment …

Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been used to treat human diseases for thousands
of years. Among them, Ginkgo biloba is reported to be beneficial to the nervous system and …

Innate and adaptive immune responses can speed nigrostriatal neurodegeneration in
Parkinson's disease (PD). We posit that GM-CSF can attenuate such responses. In 1-methyl …

Although several therapies are approved, none promote re-myelination in multiple sclerosis
(MS) patients, limiting their ability for sustained recovery. Thus, treatment development in MS …

Ethnopharmacological relevance There is substantial experimental evidence to support the
view that Ginkgo biloba L.(Ginkgoaceae), a traditional Chinese medicine known to treating …

Activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) associated with the suppression
of various oxido-inflammatory pathways and the controller of several gene expressions …

RTP801 (also known as REDD1), a stress-related protein, is induced by several
environmental stresses such as ischemia and cigarette smoke. Although ischemia can …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common disorder attributed to the loss of midbrain dopamine
(mDA) neurons and reduced dopamine secretion. Currently, the treatment regimes for PD …