The presence of different forms of heavy metals in the earth crust is very primitive and
probably associated with the origin of plant life. However, since the beginning of human …

Plants are sessile in nature, but are capable to evade from high level concentration of heavy
metals like Cd, Hg, Cu, through various metabolic pathways. Some of the pathways regulate …

Plants are exposed to various environmental challenges throughout their lifecycle that
adversely affect their growth and development. Heavy metal toxicity reduces plant …

Accumulation and enrichment of excessive heavy metals due to industrialization and
modernization not only devastate our ecosystem, but also pose a threat to the global …

Natural and anthropogenic activities increase the input of heavy metals into the soil and
water, which has resulted in the widespread occurrence of metal contamination of …

Plants confront multifarious environmental stresses widely divided into abiotic and biotic
stresses, of which heavy metal stress represents one of the most damaging abiotic stresses …

Metals with relatively high densities, atomic numbers, or atomic weights are regarded as
heavy metals. Among them, some metals are considered essential nutrients (Fe, Co, Zn), or …

Metals like zinc, iron and copper are essential micronutrients required for a wide range of
physiological processes in all plant organs for the activities of various metal-dependent …

Unprecedented bioaccumulation and biomagnification of heavy metals (HMs) in the
environment have become a dilemma for all living organisms including plants. HMs at toxic …

Heavy metals are naturally occurring in the earth's crust but anthropogenic and industrial
activities have led to drastic environmental pollutions in distinct areas. Plants are able to …