OBJECTIVE: To review the literature regarding the purported association between oral
ingestion of β-blocker drugs and depressed mood. DATA SOURCE: MEDLINE was …

The hypothesis that β-blockers cause depression has been both confirmed and refuted in
previous studies. However, in hardly any of these studies, depression was systematically …

Introduction Depression is a commonly cited adverse effect of β-blockers but the evidence
for a causal relationship is limited. Objective We aimed to explore whether β-blockers are …

Study Objective. To explore reasons for discrepancies between findings from case reports
and those from a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials regarding the association …

Objective.—To evaluate the relationship between β-blockers and depression. Design.—
Case-control study. Setting.—New Jersey Medicaid recipients during July 1980 to …

β-Blockers are important drugs in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. They are
suspected of inducing various psychiatric adverse events (PAEs), particularly depression …

A wide range of neuropsychiatric side effects are attributed to propranolol including visual
hallucinations, somnulence, memory impairment, decrease in response time, dizziness …

The relationship between propranolol and depression is a subject of controversy. Numerous
case reports suggest that propranolol can cause depression, but two small prospective trials …

Since their introduction over a quarter of a century ago, β-adrenergic receptor antagonists (β-
blockers) have been among the most commonly prescribed and useful of all medications. 1 …

We studied the occurrence of depression in new users of propranolol (n= 704), other beta-
blockers (n= 587), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (n= 976), calcium channel …