Release of the neuropeptides corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and orexin-A in the
ventral tegmental area (VTA) play an important role in stress-induced cocaine-seeking …

Orexins (also known as hypocretins) are neuropeptides that participate in the regulation of
energy metabolism, homeostasis, sleep, feeding, stress responses, arousal, and reward …

In rodents, orexin neuropeptides regulate motivation and reward-seeking via orexin 1
receptor (OX1R) signaling in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. This role is clearly …

Prescription opioids are potent analgesics that are used for clinical pain management.
However, the nonmedical use of these medications has emerged as a major concern …

Orexin A/hypocretin-1 (oxA/hcrt-1) is known to be a modulator of dopamine-dependent
neuronal activity and behaviors. However, the role of this system in driving motivated …

Addiction is a devastating disorder that affects 15.3 million people worldwide. While
prevalent, few effective treatments exist. Orexin receptors have been proposed as a potential …

Background: The orexin (OX) system has received increasing interest as a potential target
for treating substance use disorder. OX transmission in the posterior paraventricular nucleus …

Background The hypocretin/orexin system is involved in regulating arousal, and much
recent work demonstrates that decreasing hypocretin receptor-1 (HCRTr1) activity using …

Orexins are associated with drug relapse in rodents. Here, we show that acute restraint
stress in mice activates lateral hypothalamic (LH) orexin neurons, increases levels of orexin …

The orexins (or hypocretins) are hypothalamic neuropeptides that have been implicated in a
variety of behaviors ranging from feeding to sleep and arousal. Evidence from animal …