Highlights•Autoimmunity is defined by a self-reactive adaptive immune system, causing
clinical pathology in autoimmune diseases.•Evidence suggests that autoimmunity and …

Approximately 5% of the world-wide population is affected by autoimmune diseases.
Overall, autoimmune diseases are still difficult to treat, impose a high burden on patients …

The etiology of autoimmune diseases is due to a combination of genetic predisposition and
environmental factors that alter the expression of immune regulatory genes through various …

Autoimmune diseases are a family of more than 100 illnesses that develop when underlying
defects in the immune system lead the body to attack its own organs, tissues, and cells …

The critical function of the immune system is to discriminate self from non-self. Tolerance
against self-antigens is a highly regulated process and, in order to maintain it, the immune …

This book attempts to organize the knowledge collected by those who have extensively
studied autoimmune diseases (ADs) into a comprehensive overview of how the immune …

There have been significant advances in our understanding of human autoimmunity that
have led to improvements in classification and diagnosis and, most importantly, research …

Autoimmune diseases are heterogeneous with regard to prevalence, manifestations, and
pathogenesis. The classification of autoimmune diseases has varied over time. Here, we …

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) represent a heterogeneous group of disorders that affect
specific target organs or multiple organ systems. These conditions share common …

Autoimmune diseases are among the leading causes of death among young and middle-
aged women in the United States. Incidence rates vary among the autoimmune diseases …