To optimize vaccination strategies, it is important to use protocols that can'jump-start'immune
responses by harnessing cells of the innate immune system to assist the expansion of …

Both innate and adaptive immunity is vital for host defense against infections. Dendritic cells
(DCs) are critical for initiating and modulating adaptive immunity, especially for T-cell …

The cytotoxic activities of natural killer (NK) cells—important in innate immunity—have
received considerable attention, but NK cells also regulate T-and B-cell functions as well as …

CD8+ T cells are activated by TCRs that recognize specific cognate Ags, while NK-cell
activation is regulated by a balance between signals from germline-encoded activating and …

Natural killer (NK) cell receptors (NKRs) play a crucial role in the homeostasis of antigen-
experienced T cells. Indeed, prolonged antigen stimulation may induce changes in the …

Natural killer T (NKT) cells express phenotypic characteristics shared by conventional
natural killer cells and T cells, and reside in several primary and secondary lymphoid as well …

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a unique subset of T cells that display markers characteristic
of both natural killer (NK) cells and T cells1. Unlike classical T cells, NKT cells recognize …

Natural killer (NK) cells were originally defined as effector lymphocytes of innate immunity
endowed with constitutive cytolytic functions. More recently, a more nuanced view of NK …

Although natural killer (NK) cells are defined as a component of the innate immune system,
they exhibit certain features generally considered characteristic of the adaptive immune …

Natural killer (NK) cells have long been considered as “primitive” and “non-specific” effector
cells. However, the past 10 years have witnessed dramatic progress in our understanding of …