Response process validity evidence provides a window into a respondent's cognitive
processing. The purpose of this study is to describe a new data collection tool called a whole …

Cognitive interviewing (CI) provides a method of systematically collecting validity evidence
of response processes for questionnaire items. CI involves a range of techniques for …

A review of the research literature revealed a call for the validation of performance
assessments, especially those linked to complex processes like problem-solving. The …

Think alouds are valuable tools for academicians, test developers, and practitioners as they
provide a unique window into a respondent's thinking during an assessment. The purpose of …

The objective of this paper is to comment on the think-aloud methods presented in the three
papers included in this special issue. The commentary offered stems from the author's own …

“Deep understanding” is what teachers want for students. But how do we know when it has
been achieved? Are certain assessments better than others at shedding light on what …

Answering the call for response process–based validation, this study shows how
researchers can evaluate validity evidence of test scores based on the mental “processes” …

The field of education is rife with calls to action and for research to improve higher-level
thinking and learning outcomes in primary, secondary, and tertiary education. With the No …

Developing a cognitive model of task performance is an important and often overlooked
phase in assessment design; failing to establish such a model can threaten the validity of the …

This study explores the utility of the cognitive laboratory, and specifically the think aloud
technique, for the development of achievement test items in 4th grade reading and 8th grade …