Significance: Epidemiological and animal studies have demonstrated a close link between
maternal nutrition and chronic metabolic disease in children and adults. Compelling …

Transcription factor ATF2 regulates gene expression in response to environmental changes.
Upon exposure to cellular stresses, the mitogen-activated proteinkinase (MAPK) cascades …

Hypoxic stress results in a rapid and sustained inhibition of protein synthesis that is at least
partially mediated by eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) phosphorylation by the …

A drastic transition at birth, from constant maternal nutrient supply in utero to intermittent
postnatal feeding, requires changes in the metabolic system of the neonate. Despite their …

The mammalian ATF/CREB family of transcription factors represents a large group of basic
region-leucine zipper (bZip) proteins which was originally defined in the late 1980s by their …

Evidence has accumulated that amino acids play an important role in controlling gene
expression. Nevertheless, two components of the amino acid control of gene expression are …

ATF6, a member of the leucine zipper protein family, can constitutively induce the promoter
of glucose-regulated protein (grp) genes through activation of the endoplasmic reticulum …

Abstract Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) has been shown to play key roles in many
physiological processes. There are no reports, however, demonstrating a direct link between …

Nutrition is the major intrauterine environmental factor that alters expression of the fetal
genome and may have lifelong consequences. This phenomenon, termed “fetal …

The ability to detect changes in nutrient levels and generate an adequate response to these
changes is essential for the proper functioning of living organisms. Adaptation to the high …