Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the pattern recognition receptors, which are activated by
foreign and host molecules in order to initiate the immune response. They play a crucial role …

Immunotherapies that can either activate or suppress innate immune responses are being
investigated as treatments against infectious diseases and the pathology they can cause …

The recognition of invading pathogens and endogenous molecules from damaged tissues
by toll-like receptors (TLRs) triggers protective self-defense mechanisms. However …

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR8 are transmembrane receptors that recognize single-
stranded RNA. Activation of these receptors results in immune cell stimulation and …

The discovery of the TLRs family and more precisely its functions opened a variety of gates
to modulate immunological host responses. TLRs 7/8 are located in the endosomal …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that recognize pathogen-associated
molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damaged-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and …

The toll‐like receptor (TLR) family consists of vital receptors responsible for pattern
recognition in innate immunity, making them the core proteins involved in pathogen …

Abstract Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes double-stranded RNA and transmits signals
to activate NF-κB and the interferon (IFN)-β promoter via the newly identified adaptor, TICAM …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) primarily known for the pathogen recognition and subsequent
immune responses are being investigated for their pathogenic role in various chronic …

Since the identification of the first Toll-like receptor (TLR) in humans in 1997, understanding
of the molecular basis for innate immunity has increased significantly. The TLR family and …