The well-accepted biopsychosocial model proposes that the experience of pain and
responses to it result from a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social …

We briefly summarize recent advances regarding brain functional representation of chronic
pain, reorganization of resting state brain activity, and of brain anatomy with chronic pain …

Chronic pain is a condition in which pain progresses from an acute to chronic state and
persists beyond the healing process. Chronic pain impairs function and decreases patients' …

Clinical and experimental studies show serial interactions between the intensity of pain
sensation, pain unpleasantness, and secondary emotions associated with reflection and …

Centralized pain syndromes are associated with changes within the central nervous system
that amplify peripheral input and/or generate the perception of pain in the absence of a …

Conscious perception of painful stimuli needs the contribution of an extensive cortico‐
subcortical network, and is completed in less than one second. While initial activities in …

Cognitive self-regulation can strongly modulate pain and emotion. However, it is unclear
whether self-regulation primarily influences primary nociceptive and affective processes or …

The personal experience of pain is complex and depends on physiological and
psychological factors. From this latter category, pain catastrophizing plays an important role …

Pain is processed in a large neural network that partially overlaps structures involved in
emotion processing. Despite the fact that pain and emotion are known to share neural …

There are two basic categories of pain: physiological pain, which serves an important
protective function, and pathological pain, which can have a major negative impact on …