In the last 20 years, expenditures on pharmaceuticals—as well as total health expenditures—
have grown faster than the gross national product in all European countries. The aim of this …

Aim. To review pharmaceutical price regulation methods in countries of the European Union
(EU), in terms of the anticipated impact of regulation on pharmaceutical expenditures and …

OBJECTIVES: To describe and evaluate the different price control strategies implemented in
Norway after its accession to the European Economic Area (1994–2004). METHODS …

The regulation of pharmaceutical markets is an important policy concern in many countries,
and is generally undertaken with cost containment, efficiency, quality and equity objectives …

Price regulation schemes function both as a means for public authorities to contain costs,
and as an economic tool to support the national pharmaceutical industry. This twofold …

Reference price systems for prescription drugs constitute widely adopted cost containment
tools. Under these regimes, patients co-pay a fraction of the difference between a drug's …

This paper presents and evaluates pharmaceutical policies in the EU aimed at the rational
use of medicines and at keeping pharmaceutical spending under control. Policy makers are …

This paper examines aspects of the policy environment and market characteristics of the
Swedish pharmaceutical sector, assesses the degree to which Sweden has achieved …

In the context of pharmaceutical care, policy-makers repeatedly face the challenge of
balancing patient access to effective medicines with affordability and rising costs. With the …

This is the third of three papers that review international policies to control spending on
drugs and to improve the efficiency of drug use. This paper reviews policies regulating the …