Abstract Background HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP) is a progressive
neurodegenerative inflammatory condition of HTLV-1 infection. Viral-host interactions are a …

Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection can lead to development of adult
T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) or HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic …

Human T‐cell lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV‐1) is associated with two progressive diseases:
HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T‐cell …

Objective (s): HTLV-1 is the first human retrovirus that has been recognized and is
associated with HAM/TSP and ATLL. Studies have shown that less than five percent of HTLV …

Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic
paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a neurodegenerative disease due to axonal damage of the …

BACKGROUND: HTLV-1 proviral load is a risk marker for HAM/TSP, but it is insufficient to
determine the disease outcome. HTLV-1 Tax and HBZ proteins have been implicated in …

Background Previous studies have suggested debatable roles of Tax and HBZ gene
expression in the pathogenesis of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic …

Background Among human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals, there
is an association between HTLV-1 tax subgroups (subgroup-A or subgroup-B) and the risk …

Background Recently, human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) basic leucine zipper
factor (HBZ), encoded from a minus strand mRNA was discovered and was suggested to …

Background/Aims: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that
causes a persistent infection, and only 0.5-5% of infected individuals will develop HTLV-1 …