Estrogen exerts diverse biological effects in multiple tissues in both animals and humans.
Much of the accumulated knowledge on the role of estrogen receptor (ER) in the heart has …

Reports have correlated the use of estrogen for the treatment of menopausal symptoms with
beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Molecular, biochemical, preclinical, and …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in men and
women worldwide. The apparent cardioprotective effects of endogenous estrogens seem to …

Background: Heart failure (HF)–a very prevalent disease with high morbidity and mortality–
usually presents with diastolic dysfunction. Although post-menopause women are at …

diovascular disease (CVD), and 95% of the women who develop CVD do so after
menopause. 2 Early loss of endogenous estradiol is associated with increased risk of CVD …

The incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) increases after menopause and at any
age postmenopausal women have a significantly higher incidence of CVD compared to …

AIMS: We previously found that in mice with experimental myocardial infarction (MI), 17β-
estradiol (E2) increased mortality and worsened cardiac remodeling and these deleterious …

The role of physiologic estrogen levels (pg) on post-ischemic myocardial function was
studied in the isolated working rat heart without (n= 28, experiment No. 1) or with (n= 15 …

Increased susceptibility to stress-induced myocardial damage is a significant concern in
addition to decreased cardiac performance in postmenopausal females. To determine the …

SUMMARY 1 It has long been hypothesized that oestrogen may be cardioprotective. This
hypothesis is supported by diverse and comprehensive mechanistic studies in animals and …