Abstract In a $2\times2 $ table showing binary agreement between two raters, it is known
that Cohen's $\kappa $, a chance-corrected measure of agreement, has two paradoxes …

One of the characteristics of Cohen's kappa (κ) is that any discrepancy between raters is
equally weighted as zero. On the other hand, any agreement means absolute agreement …

Cohen's kappa and weighted kappa are two standard tools for describing the degree of
agreement between two observers on a categorical scale. For agreement tables with three …

The Kappa statistic proposed by Cohen and the B statistic proposed by Bangdiwala are
used to quantify the agreement between two observers, independently classifying the same …

Agreement analysis is conducted to assess reliability among rating results performed
repeatedly on the same subjects by one or more raters. The kappa statistic is commonly …

Cohen's kappa and weighted kappa are two popular descriptive statistics for measuring
agreement between two observers on a nominal scale. It has been frequently observed in …

Cohen's κ measures the improvement in classification above chance level and it is the most
popular measure of interjudge agreement. Yet, there is considerable confusion about its …

Scott's pi and Cohen's kappa are widely used for assessing the degree of agreement
between two raters with binary outcomes. However, many authors have pointed out its …

In this research, the statistical inference of the problem of measuring agreement between
two observers who employ measurements on a 2-point nominal scale is focused. One of the …

Published results on the use of the kappa coefficient of agreement have traditionally been
concerned with situations where a large number of subjects is classified by a small group of …