Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of
the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Alongside investigations into …

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes major
challenges to the healthcare system. SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to millions of deaths …

At present, the pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) has not
been fully elucidated. Clinical and experimental findings from studies investigating COVID …

Although novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐mediated
pulmonary inflammation has recently attracted great attention, its pathology and …

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral pneumonia has been the most serious and lethal …

COVID-19 has quickly reached pandemic levels since it was first reported in December
2019. The virus responsible for the disease, named SARS-CoV-2, is enveloped positive …

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has elicited a swift response by the
scientific community to elucidate the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome …

Most COVID-19 infected individuals present with mild flu-like symptoms; however, 5–10% of
cases suffer from life-threatening pneumonia and respiratory failure. The pathogenesis of …

COVID-19 manifestations in symptomatic patients can be in the form of pneumonia, acute
respiratory syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction as well. Renal complications …

The dysregulated release of cytokines has been identified as one of the key factors behind
poorer outcomes in COVID-19. This “cytokine storm” produces an excessive inflammatory …