Background: The association between fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) and mortality widely
differs between as well as within countries. Differences in PM 2.5 composition can play a …

Background Evidence from cohort studies in North America and Europe indicates that long-
term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2· 5) is associated with an increased mortality …

A growing number of studies associated increased mortality with exposures to specific fine
particulate (PM2. 5) constituents, while great heterogeneity exists between locations. In …

Background: Few studies have examined the relationship between long-term exposure to
ambient fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) and nonaccidental mortality in rural populations …

Background Short-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter (particles with a median
aerodynamic diameter< 2.5 μm (PM2. 5)) air pollution has been associated with adverse …

Background The APHENA (Air Pollution and Health: A Combined European and North
American Approach) study is a collaborative analysis of multicity time-series data on the …

Background In recent years a number of studies have examined the short-term association
between coarse particulate matter (PM10–2.5) and mortality and morbidity outcomes. These …

Background The association between long-term particulate matter (PM) exposure and all-
cause mortality has been well-documented. However, evidence is still limited from high …

Rationale: Evidence concerning the acute health effects of air pollution caused by fine
particulate matter (PM2. 5) in developing countries is quite limited. Objectives: To evaluate …

Importance Prior studies on the association between fine particulate matter with diameters
2.5 μm or smaller (PM 2.5) and probability of death have not applied multilevel analysis …