Introduction: Malignant melanoma (MM) is an aggressive disease with a rapidly rising
incidence due to neoplasm of melanocytes. Molecular targeted therapies have …

Introduction: Aberrant MAPK pathway signaling is a hallmark of melanoma.
Mitogen/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) 1/2 are integral components of MAPK …

New drugs targeting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway have generated
striking clinical response in melanoma therapy. From the discovery of BRAF mutation in …

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is an intracellular signaling pathway
involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation and the survival of tumor cells. Several …

Opinion statement Melanoma is the most aggressive of the cutaneous malignancies,
causing more than 9,000 deaths in the past year in the United States. Historically, systemic …

The development of novel treatments that selectively inhibit the RAS-RAF-MAPK pathway
represents a milestone in the history of melanoma treatment. BRAF mutations occur in …

Treatment with BRAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib or dabrafenib in patients with
advanced BRAFV600 mutated melanoma has shown objective tumor responses in …

The treatment of metastatic melanoma is rapidly changing. In 2002, the BRAF mutation was
described in over 50% of melanomas and led to the first BRAF inhibitor, vemurafenib, being …

Introduction: The discovery of somatic mutations in melanoma has advanced our knowledge
of the biology of the disease. The mutations, such as those in NRAS, BRAF, GNAQ and …

Development of selective inhibitors of BRAF has improved the survival of patients with BRAF-
mutant melanoma. The progression-free survival after treatment with a BRAF inhibitor is …