Early Miocene sloths are represented by a diversity of forms ranging from 38 to 95 kg. Their
forelimb bones differ in shape from those of their closest living relatives (less than 10 kg) …

ABSTRACT A striking diversity in limb morphology among fossil sloths suggests that the
traditional distinction between extant “tree” sloths and fossil “ground” sloths merits closer …

Among fossorial mammals, forelimbs are major digging apparatuses for dwelling, sheltering
and foraging underground. Forelimb‐diggers have independently evolved in many lineages …

The mylodontid ground sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada) are among the most intriguing
components of the Lujanian (Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene) fauna of the Pampean …

The relationship between humerus shape and the modes of exploring substrate among
extinct and extant Pilosa (especially anteaters and ground sloths) were investigated here …

The evolution of primates is intimately linked to their initial invasion of an arboreal
environment. However, moving and foraging in this milieu creates significant mechanical …

Divergence in forelimb morphology is often associated with functional habits exhibited within
the Xenarthra, ranging from terrestrial-digging in armadillos to arboreal-suspension in …

We use two approaches to test hypotheses regarding function in a group of extinct mammals
(Family Mesotheriidae, Order Notoungulata) that lack any close extant relatives: a principle …

The rotation of the pes or pedolateral stance in the extinct ground sloths so the body weight
of the animal is primarily supported by the fifth metatarsal and the calcaneum occurred …

According to the paleontological literature, ground sloths (especially megatheres) show
unusually high variability compared to other mammals. We evaluated this hypothesis by …