Advanced in vitro systems such as multicellular spheroids and lab‐on‐a‐chip devices have
been developed, but often fall short in reproducing the tissue scale and self‐organization of …

In vitro 3D culture systems provide promising tools for screening novel therapies and
understanding drug resistance mechanisms in cancer because they are adapted for high …

Assessment of anti-cancer drug efficacy in in vitro three-dimensional (3D) bioengineered
cancer models provides important contextual and relevant information towards pre-clinical …

Rationale: The tumor microenvironment (TME) determines tumor progression and affects
clinical therapy. Its basic components include cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and …

Numerous studies to date have contributed to a paradigm shift in modeling cancer, moving
from the traditional two-dimensional culture system to three-dimensional (3D) culture …

Tumour models mimicking in vivo three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments are of
increasing interest in drug discovery because of the limitations inherent to current models …

Abstract 3D in vitro models have been used in cancer research as a compromise between 2-
dimensional cultures of isolated cancer cells and the manufactured complexity of xenografts …

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential and dynamic component of all tissues and directly
affects cellular behavior by providing both mechanical and biochemical signaling cues …

Angiogenesis marks the transformation of a benign local tumor into a life‐threatening
disease. Many in vitro assays are available on two‐dimensional (2D) platforms, however …

Tumour microenvironment greatly influences the development and metastasis of cancer
progression. The development of three dimensional (3D) culture models which mimic that …