Objective: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are widely used in chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) patients as a treatment option. However, ICS may also increase the risk of …

The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2021 Report recommends
inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-containing regimens as part of pharmacological treatment in …

Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are commonly
treated with inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting ß2-agonist combination therapy. While …

Background Increasing studies have shown that the imbalance of the respiratory microbial
flora is related to the occurrence of COPD, the severity and frequency of exacerbations and …

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent, progressive
respiratory disease, and acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) can accelerate the …

Background The role of the sputum microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) progression remains elusive. As the advent of the new culture-independent …

Background: Microbial culture-independent sequencing techniques have advanced our
understanding of host-microbiome interactions in health and disease. The purpose of this …

Background Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the mainstay of asthma treatment, but
evidence suggests a link between ICS usage and increased rates of respiratory infections …

Rationale: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are commonly prescribed with long-acting β2-
agonists (LABA) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To date, the effects of …

Background: Since its discovery, the respiratory microbiome has been implicated in the
pathogenesis of multiple pulmonary diseases. Even though corticosteroid treatments are …