The number of people diagnosed with opioid use disorder has skyrocketed as a
consequence of the opioid epidemic and the increased prescribing of opioid drugs for …

Opioid misuse and addiction have taken a massive toll on society, including lives lost,
socioeconomic disruption, financial costs, and a burden on the health care system. This has …

Opioid use disorder (OUD) has gained increasing publicity and interest during recent years,
with many countries describing problems of epidemic proportions with regard to opioid use …

Opioid use disorder is a worldwide societal problem and public health burden. Strategies for
treating opioid use disorder can be divided into those that target the opioid receptor system …

Opioid use kills tens of thousands of Americans each year, devastates families and entire
communities, and cripples the health care system. Exposure to opioids causes long-term …

Opioid addiction and overdose are at record levels in the United States. This is driven, in
part, by their widespread prescription for the treatment of pain, which also increased …

Highlights•Alterations in endogenous opioid system components occur in development of
addiction.•Human studies and animal models show opioid genes contribute to addiction …

Biogenesis of various endogenous opioid peptides, anatomical distribution and the
characteristics of multiple receptors with which they interact provides an opportunity for …

This review article addresses molecular studies that have been focused on in recent years,
especially against opioid dependence and other side effects, and it has raised the question …

Opioid tolerance, dependence, and addiction are all manifestations of brain changes
resulting from chronic opioid abuse. The opioid abuser's struggle for recovery is in great part …