Background & Aims Ligand binding to inhibitory receptors on immune cells, such as
programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4) …

Background & Aims T-cell exhaustion, or an impaired capacity to secrete cytokines and
proliferate with overexpression of immune checkpoint receptors, occurs during chronic viral …

Immune checkpoint inhibition suggests promising progress for the treatment of advanced
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain …

Immune-based therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the
systemic treatment of various cancer types. The therapeutic application of monoclonal …

Immune checkpoints include stimulatory and inhibitory checkpoint molecules. In recent
years, inhibitory checkpoints, including cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver cancer, accounting for over 80%-
90% of primary liver cancers. HCC is also a leading cause of cancer-specific death …

Background: Reversal of CD8 T-cell exhaustion was considered a major antitumor
mechanism of anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/anti-programmed death ligand-1 (PD …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of most common cancers and the fourth leading
cause of death worldwide. Commonly, HCC development occurs in a liver that is severely …

The global burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the frequent causes of cancer-
related deaths worldwide, is rapidly increasing partly due to the limited treatment options …

Purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often arises in the setting of chronic liver
inflammation and may be responsive to novel immunotherapies. Experimental Design: To …