Multicellular organs comprise differentiated cell types with discrete yet interdependent
functions. The cells' spatial arrangements and interconnectivities, both critical elements of …

The complexity of the human body derives from numerous modular building blocks
assembled hierarchically across multiple length scales. These building blocks, spanning …

We present a bottom-up approach to direct the assembly of cell-laden microgels to generate
tissue constructs with tunable microarchitecture and complexity. This assembly process is …

Reconstituting tissues from their cellular building blocks facilitates the modeling of
morphogenesis, homeostasis and disease in vitro. Here we describe DNA-programmed …

Designing artificial microtissues by reaggregation of monodispersed primary cells,
neoplastic or engineered cell lines is providing insight into cell–cell interactions and …

Our understanding of cell biology and its integration with materials science has led to
technological innovations in the bioengineering of tissue-mimicking grafts that can be …

Tissue engineering creates biological tissues that aim to improve the function of diseased or
damaged tissues. To enhance the function of engineered tissues there is a need to generate …

Patterning multiple cell types is a critical step for engineering functional tissues, but few
methods provide three-dimensional positioning at the cellular length scale. Here, we present …

Technical progress in materials science and bioprinting has for the past few decades
fostered considerable advances in medicine. More recently, the understanding of the …

Micro-and nanoscale technologies have emerged as powerful tools in the fabrication of
engineered tissues and organs. Here we focus on the application of these techniques to …